As migrant spouses’ education increases from high school to some college or above, the increase in their likelihood of hukou locality intermarriage is similar between Shanghai and Shenzhen. When migrant spouses’ education changes from high school to some college or above, their odds of hukou locality intermarriage increase by 159% and 110% in Shanghai and Shenzhen, respectively, and the difference between Shanghai and Shenzhen is not statistically significant (Shanghai: ? = 0.95, exp(?) = 2.59,p < 0.001;> 0.05). In contrast, as migrant spouses’ education changes from less than high school to high school, their odds of intermarriage increase significantly in Shenzhen (? = 0.02 + 1.81 = 1.83,p < 0.001)> 0.05), and the difference is highly significant (dif.: ? = 1.81,p < 0.001).

It relationship is especially strong when you look at the Shenzhen

Overall, as well as supporting proof of a dyadic replace, especially in Shenzhen, i and additionally get a hold of supporting research having field replace, just like the migrants are more inclined to get married a neighborhood companion (we.age., to form hukou intermarriage) since their education develops. The results recommend increased probability of hukou locality-studies exchange to own non-college-experienced migrants within the Shenzhen than in Shanghai, however, a similar odds of hukou area-knowledge change during these one or two metropolitan areas having college or university-educated migrants, and this aids Hypothesis step three that the straight down odds of hukou area-education replace into the Shanghai, than the Shenzhen, retains for non-college-experienced migrants but not to have college or university-educated migrants.

Centered on Model 5 away from Table dos and you can Profile dos , local spouses’ knowledge is not regarding the its diary-odds of hukou area intermarriage, and this relationship doesn’t differ between the two metropolitan areas

Thus far, we have sensed just intermarriage anywhere between natives and migrants, instead determining anywhere between two hukou items. Within take to, natives is actually predominantly metropolitan hukou owners while migrants primarily hold rural hukou in both metropolises. Specifically, when you look at the Shanghai, regarding 85% from neighbors but just about 20% regarding migrants have urban hukou. In Shenzhen, most of the locals keep urban hukou, however, only about thirty-five% off migrants is actually urban hukou people. The newest scientific difference from hukou types of between residents and migrants implies a probability of hukou kind of replace contained in this inter-hukou-locality ine whether or not hukou form of has an effect on all of our efficiency.

First, i examine new shipment out-of hukou sorts of certainly intermarriages http://www.kissbrides.com/fi/kuuma-bogota-naiset/ off hukou locality. As revealed from inside the Contour A1, over 50 % of the fresh new couples in which a couple spouses disagree for the hukou area function homogamy regarding hukou method of. This really is in keeping with earlier conclusions that Chinese e hukou kind of (Li & Lu, 2008; Wang & He, 2014). An effective gender asymmetric pattern away from hukou interong partners of a beneficial migrant spouse and you can a district wife, only eleven% try outlying-husband-urban-partner lovers whereas 86% was urban-husband-urban-wife couples. In contrast, certainly partners where the partner is actually a good Shanghai local citizen and partner was an effective migrant, 45% try urban-husband-rural-spouse lovers. Simply put, when women having Shanghai hukou wed migrants, they have a tendency to help you get married metropolitan migrants, while guys which have Shanghai hukou which get married migrant feminine often wed rural migrants. In Shenzhen, this gender pattern is actually quicker obvious: 26% of migrant-husband-local-partner partners features an urban partner and you can an outlying spouse, while twelve% away from local-husband-migrant-spouse people encompass a metropolitan spouse and you will an outlying wife. Such results recommend that from inside the Shanghai relationship markets, one another hukou locality and you can hukou type of structure intermarriage models, in Shenzhen hukou style of looks smaller crucial. It further helps all of our conclusions in the hukou burden becoming stronger in Shanghai than in Shenzhen.

Second, we did a sensitivity analysis by excluding couples in which two spouses differ in both hukou locality and hukou type. In this way, intermarriages that cross hukou locality do not include any couples that might also engage in status exchange in terms of hukou type. The results (available upon request) are substantively the same. Hukou locality homogamy remains more pronounced in Shanghai than in Shenzhen (? _{Shenzhen*hukou homogamy} =?0.42, p < 0.001).>shenzhen*(migrants: high school vs. less than high school) 1.11, p < 0.1).>